APUSH Period 3 Key Terms
Seven Years War- Also called the French and Indian war, it was a war agianst the British and French in North America. It resulted in the expulsion of the French from the North American mainland and helped spark the Seven Years war in Europe.
Enlightenment- A period from the late 1600's to 1700's that marked a new way of thinking in which people questioned what they new, and began centering their thinking around reason rather than accepting popular belief.
French Revolution- A period of radical social and political upheaval in France from 1789 to 1799 that profoundly affected French and modern history, marking the decline of powerful monarchies and churches and the rise of democracy and nationalism.
George Washington's Farewell Address- 1796. GW's address at the end of his presidency, warning against "permanent alliances" with other nations. Washington did not oppose all alliances, but believed that the young, fledgling nation should forge alliances only on a temporary basis, in extraordinary circumstances.
Events Leading to Revolution- Seven Years' War, Taxation without representation, Enlightenment and Great Awakening, Bacon's rebellion, and Pontiac's rebellion
Thomas Paine's Common Sense- 1776. Pamphlet urging the colonies to declare independence and establish a republican government. The widely read pamphlet helped convince colonists to support the Revolution.
Declaration of Independence- July 4th, 1776. Formal pronouncement of independence drafter by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements worldwide.
War Effort- The country came together to fire up the soldiers and common men joined the fight. Women made clothes and sent materials to those fighting and took over farm management.
Articles of Confederation- 1781. First American constitution that established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes. The Articles were replaced by a more efficient Constitution in 1789.
Constitutions Major Comprimises- Electoral College, 3/5 Compromise, Tarriff for imports but not exports, and Agreed to wait until 1808 to readdress the slave trade
Federalism/ Seperation of Powers- Gives both states and national government power using the Constitution. Amendment 10 states that any power not explicitly given to the Federal government is allotted to the state
Bill of Rights- 1791. Popular term for the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserve to the states all powers not explicitly delegated or prohibited by the Constitution.
American Revolution- A political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which rebels in Thirteen American Colonies rejected monarchy and aristocracy in a revolutionary move, overthrew the authority of Britain, and founded the United States of America
Northwest Ordinance- 1787. Created a policy for administering the Northwest Territories. It included a path to statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories.
Republican Motherhood- A 20th-century term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution.
Alien and Sedition Acts- Four bills that were passed by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798, the result of the French Revolution and during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. Alien Act made immigration harder and limited, and Sedition Act prevented people from speaking out against the government.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions- Political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution. In doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively.
Hamilton vs Jefferson- Hamiltonians wanted more government and regulation, a national bank, bigger cities and a greater emphasis on commerce and trade. They also believed in elitism and that representatives should be elected by the educated. Jeffersonians wanted less government, state banks and more state power, and a greater emphasis on rural living. They also believed that common men had common sense.
Two Party System- The two party system came about during the election of Hamilton vs Jefferson, in which two candidates with different platforms ran against each other for the presidency.
Federalist Era- Ran from roughly 1789-1801, a time when the Federalist Party was dominant in American politics.
Election of 1800- Thomas Jefferson v John Adams. A realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System
Era of Good Feelings- A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.